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Global Laboratory Extruder Market Trends Analysis By Product Type (Single Screw Extruders, Twin Screw Extruders), By End-Use Industry (Plastics and Polymers, Food Processing), By Application (Compounding, Plastic Processing), By Material Type (Thermoplastics, Thermosets), By Regional Trends and Forecast

Report ID : 50000844
Published Year : October 2025
No. Of Pages : 220+
Base Year : 2024
Format : PDF & Excel

Laboratory Extruder Market Trends Analysis and Size

The Global Laboratory Extruder Market size was valued at USD 2.5 Billion in 2024 and is estimated to reach USD 4.7 Billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 7.7% from 2026 to 2032.

The laboratory extruder market is witnessing steady growth driven by increasing demand for advanced research tools in polymer, pharmaceutical, and food industries. As innovation accelerates across material development and formulation testing, laboratories are adopting extruders for precise control over processing parameters and small-batch production. Rising investments in R&D, coupled with the need for scalable experimentation, are further fueling market adoption. Technological advancements such as modular designs, improved temperature control, and multi-functionality enhance operational efficiency and user flexibility. Additionally, the shift toward sustainable materials and bio-based compounds encourages wider application of laboratory extruders in experimental environments across diverse sectors.

What is a Laboratory Extruder?

A Laboratory Extruder is a specialized piece of equipment designed for processing, testing, and developing new materials and compounds in small-scale batches. Unlike industrial extruders, which are intended for large-scale production, laboratory extruders are used in R&D settings, pilot plants, and universities to conduct experiments and fine-tune processes before scaling up. These extruders are equipped with a variety of features, such as adjustable screws, temperature controls, and interchangeable dies, allowing for precise manipulation of materials and production of customized end-products.

Key Market Drivers

Several factors are driving the growth of the Laboratory Extruder market:

  • R&D in Material Science: The increasing demand for advanced materials, particularly in industries like pharmaceuticals, automotive, and electronics, has led to higher investments in research and development. Laboratory extruders play a crucial role in testing and developing these materials, especially for applications that require specific properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and high thermal stability.
  • Technological Advancements: Recent developments in extrusion technology, such as the integration of digital controls, automation, and enhanced material handling systems, have significantly improved the precision, efficiency, and versatility of laboratory extruders. These advancements are making laboratory extruders more appealing to companies looking to optimize R&D processes.
  • Demand for Customization: Industries are increasingly focused on creating customized products that meet specific consumer needs. Laboratory extruders enable manufacturers to produce a variety of materials, including specialized polymers, composites, and bioplastics, in small quantities before committing to large-scale production.
  • Industry 4.0 and Digitization: The integration of IoT (Internet of Things) devices, machine learning, and AI (Artificial Intelligence) into laboratory extrusion systems is driving market growth. These technologies allow for real-time data collection, process monitoring, and predictive maintenance, thereby improving operational efficiency and reducing downtime.

Emerging Technologies and Innovations

Recent innovations in Laboratory Extruder technology are reshaping the market. One significant advancement is the adoption of smart extrusion systems, which integrate real-time data analytics, machine learning algorithms, and cloud-based monitoring systems. These systems enable researchers to optimize extrusion parameters such as temperature, pressure, and screw speed to achieve desired material properties.

  • 3D Printing Integration: Another emerging trend in the laboratory extrusion market is the growing integration of extrusion technology with 3D printing processes. This hybrid approach allows for the production of complex geometries and customized prototypes that are not possible with traditional manufacturing methods. This is particularly valuable in industries like healthcare, where patient-specific implants, prosthetics, and medical devices are in demand.
  • Biodegradable Materials and Sustainability: The demand for sustainable and eco-friendly products has led to increased interest in biodegradable polymers and bioplastics. Laboratory extruders are essential for developing and testing these materials, as they allow for the manipulation of compound formulations to improve performance while ensuring environmental safety. The ability to create biodegradable plastics using laboratory extruders is an important step in addressing the growing environmental concerns associated with traditional plastic products.

Applications Across Industries

The versatility of Laboratory Extruders makes them valuable across several industries. Below is an overview of their primary applications:

  • Pharmaceutical Industry: In pharmaceuticals, laboratory extruders are used for drug formulation and delivery system development, such as in the creation of controlled-release tablets and polymeric drug carriers. These extruders help researchers test various polymer formulations for drug encapsulation, ensuring optimal bioavailability and controlled release profiles.
  • Food and Beverage Industry: In the food sector, laboratory extruders are used for developing new food products, including snacks, cereals, and plant-based foods. They allow food scientists to experiment with different ingredients and cooking processes to create novel textures, flavors, and nutritional profiles.
  • Plastics and Polymers: Laboratory extruders are commonly employed in the development and testing of polymers, including thermoplastics, elastomers, and composites. This is crucial for ensuring that new plastic materials meet the desired performance specifications, such as strength, flexibility, and chemical resistance.
  • Automotive Industry: Laboratory extruders are also used in the automotive industry for testing materials like lightweight composites and thermoplastic elastomers, which are increasingly being used in vehicle manufacturing to reduce weight and improve fuel efficiency.
  • Cosmetics and Personal Care: The cosmetics industry uses laboratory extruders for formulating personal care products like lipsticks, moisturizers, and shampoos. The ability to manipulate ingredient properties in small-scale batches ensures that new products are safe, effective, and meet regulatory standards.

Impact of Technological Advancements and Digitization

  • The ongoing integration of digital technologies and automation in laboratory extruders is significantly shaping the market. Real-time data analytics and machine learning algorithms enable manufacturers to optimize extrusion processes by adjusting parameters such as temperature, pressure, and screw speed to meet specific material requirements. As a result, manufacturers can increase throughput, enhance material quality, and reduce waste, leading to more sustainable production practices.
  • Digitalization allows for enhanced communication between R&D teams and manufacturers. Cloud-based platforms enable remote monitoring, real-time collaboration, and data sharing, which streamlines the product development process. This trend is especially important for companies looking to shorten the time-to-market for new products and remain competitive in industries with rapid technological advancements.

Future Growth Prospects

The Laboratory Extruder market is poised for significant growth in the coming years, driven by several factors:

  • Increasing R&D Budgets: As industries across the globe continue to invest in research and development, the demand for laboratory extruders is expected to increase. Governments worldwide are providing funding for innovation in material science, which will further boost the need for small-scale extrusion equipment.
  • Expansion of Bioplastics: With the global shift toward sustainability and reducing plastic waste, the market for bioplastics is rapidly expanding. Laboratory extruders will play a crucial role in the development of these materials, particularly in the food packaging and biomedical sectors.
  • Growth in Emerging Markets: Rising industrialization in emerging economies, particularly in Asia-Pacific and Latin America, is expected to drive the demand for laboratory extruders. These regions are witnessing an increase in investments for R&D, which will contribute to the adoption of laboratory-scale extrusion technologies.

The Laboratory Extruder market is experiencing strong growth, fueled by advancements in technology, an increasing focus on R&D, and the rise of sustainable materials. As industries continue to innovate and develop new products, laboratory extruders will remain essential for testing, prototyping, and material development. With emerging technologies such as smart extrusion systems, 3D printing integration, and the growing focus on sustainability, the future of the laboratory extruder market looks promising. Companies that can leverage these technological advancements will be well-positioned to meet the demands of various industries and capitalize on the growing trend of digitization in manufacturing processes.

Laboratory Extruder Market Regional Trends

The laboratory extruder market has witnessed significant growth due to the increasing demand for advanced research and development in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, food processing, and material science. As a result, regional dynamics have played an important role in shaping market trends, with different regions experiencing unique growth drivers, technological advancements, and policy influences.

North America

  • The Laboratory Extruder Market has been primarily driven by the region's strong emphasis on technological innovation and significant investments in R&D across various sectors. The United States is the market leader in this region, holding a substantial revenue share of approximately 45%. The presence of leading manufacturers, such as Thermo Fisher Scientific and Coperion GmbH, and the high demand from the pharmaceutical and food industries are key factors fueling growth in the region.
  • The increasing adoption of automation technologies, coupled with the expansion of research activities in polymer extrusion and drug formulation, has spurred market expansion. Furthermore, government initiatives supporting research, such as grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), are boosting demand for laboratory-scale extrusion systems. North America is expected to continue holding a dominant market share due to these factors, although growth is expected to slow down to a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.5% from 2024 to 2030.

Europe

  • Europe holds the second-largest market share, accounting for around 30% of the global Laboratory Extruder Market. The region’s growth is largely attributed to advancements in the automotive, pharmaceuticals, and plastics industries, which demand precise material processing technologies. Germany, France, and the United Kingdom are major contributors to the market in this region. Key market players in Europe, such as Clextral and Brabender, are driving innovation with new extrusion technologies tailored for laboratory-scale applications.
  • Government regulations in the European Union promoting sustainability in manufacturing processes have also led to the development of more energy-efficient extruders. In the pharmaceutical sector, increasing research into new drug delivery systems and the growing trend of customized medicine are important drivers of demand for laboratory extruders. The market in Europe is expected to grow at a steady pace with a projected CAGR of 4.2% over the forecast period, as the region continues to focus on eco-friendly manufacturing solutions and advanced healthcare technologies.

Asia Pacific

  • Asia Pacific is emerging as the fastest-growing region in the Laboratory Extruder Market, projected to witness a CAGR of 7.8% from 2024 to 2030. With the increasing industrialization in countries like China, India, and Japan, the demand for laboratory-scale extrusion equipment is expanding rapidly. In China, the market is being driven by the rise in pharmaceutical and biotechnology R&D, while in India, the growing food processing industry is contributing to market growth. 
  • As Asia Pacific is home to a large number of manufacturing facilities and research institutions, the region’s adoption of extrusion technology is being facilitated by both government incentives and industrial demand for more efficient production processes. Additionally, the availability of cost-effective manufacturing options in countries like China and India is attracting international players looking to enter this market. In 2023, Asia Pacific accounted for approximately 18% of the global market revenue.

Latin America

  • Latin America, which represents about 4% of the global Laboratory Extruder Market, is witnessing a moderate growth rate driven by increasing investments in research and development activities in the region. Brazil and Mexico are the key markets for laboratory extruders due to growing pharmaceutical and food processing industries. The Latin American market is characterized by a growing need for small-scale, cost-effective extrusion systems, as research institutions and universities require laboratory extruders for product development and quality control.
  • Challenges such as economic instability and regulatory hurdles in some countries may slightly restrain the growth of this market in the region. Despite these challenges, the Latin American market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5.3% between 2024 and 2030, spurred by government initiatives aimed at boosting innovation in agriculture and food technology sectors.

Middle East & Africa (MEA)

  • The Middle East & Africa (MEA) region currently holds a small share of the Laboratory Extruder Market, at around 3%. However, this market is expected to witness steady growth, driven by increasing investments in research and development in the pharmaceutical and materials industries. Countries such as the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia are focusing on diversifying their economies, with a particular emphasis on expanding research and innovation in industries like healthcare and materials science.
  • The demand for laboratory extruders in the MEA region is primarily focused on pilot-scale production for pharmaceuticals, polymers, and food products. Government initiatives such as the UAE’s National Innovation Strategy are expected to foster the adoption of advanced technologies, including laboratory extruders. The MEA market is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 4.8% from 2024 to 2030.

Asia Pacific is expected to emerge as the fastest-growing region in the Laboratory Extruder Market during the forecast period. This growth is largely attributed to the rapid industrialization, increasing R&D activities, and government incentives aimed at fostering innovation and technological advancement in countries like China, India, and Japan. With a CAGR of 7.8%, the region is set to surpass other regions in terms of market expansion, supported by its burgeoning demand for laboratory-scale extrusion technology across various industries such as pharmaceuticals, food processing, and materials science. The Asia Pacific market's growth will continue to be driven by both regional demand and the increasing presence of international players seeking to capitalize on the cost-effective manufacturing environment.

Laboratory Extruder Market Competitive Landscape

The laboratory extruder market is highly competitive, with key players including Coperion GmbH, Zamak Mercator, and USEON (Nanjing) Extrusion Machinery Co.Ltd. These companies focus on product innovation, quality, and cost efficiency to maintain market leadership. The market is also influenced by factors like growing demand from the metallurgy and foundry industries.

  • Nanjing Jieya Extrusion Equipment Co.Ltd.
  • Nanjing Kerke Extrusion Equipment Co.Ltd.
  • The Bonnot Company
  • Nanjing Haisi Extrusion Equipment Co. Ltd
  • SETREM
  • Ankele Kunststoffmaschinenbau
  • Maulbronn

Laboratory Extruder Market Scope Table

Laboratory Extruder Market Segments Analysis

Laboratory Extruder Market, By Product Type

The Laboratory Extruder Market by product type is witnessing growth due to rising demand for precision polymer processing, pharmaceutical research, and food engineering applications. Innovations in screw design and automation are enhancing throughput, efficiency, and reproducibility in lab-scale extrusion.

  • Single Screw Extruders: Representing approximately 45% of the market, single screw extruders are preferred for simple compounding and plastic processing tasks. Their cost-effectiveness and ease of operation have led to a 6% CAGR, especially in polymer and bioplastic laboratory research applications.
  • Twin Screw Extruders: Holding nearly 40% of market share, twin screw extruders offer superior mixing, temperature control, and flexibility for complex formulations. Enhanced shear and compounding efficiency increase material homogeneity by up to 30%, making them ideal for pharmaceuticals, food, and polymer blend studies.
  • Multi-Screw Extruders: Accounting for around 15% of the market, multi-screw extruders provide high-precision processing for specialty polymers and advanced research applications. Their ability to handle reactive and highly viscous materials has driven adoption in high-end R&D labs, with throughput improvements of 25–35% over traditional systems.

Laboratory Extruder Market, By End-Use Industry

The Laboratory Extruder Market by end-use industry is expanding due to growing R&D investments, rising demand for customized formulations, and the need for high-precision material processing. Key industries leverage lab extruders for prototyping, product development, and small-scale production efficiency.

  • Plastics and Polymers: Dominating nearly 35% of market share, this segment benefits from the increasing use of bioplastics and engineered polymers. Lab extruders improve material homogeneity by 30%, facilitating faster polymer development cycles and scalability testing.
  • Food Processing: Accounting for around 18% of the market, food labs use extruders for snacks, cereals, and meat analogues. Enhanced control over texture, moisture, and shape has boosted product quality and reduced development time by 25%.
  • Pharmaceuticals: Representing about 15% of global demand, pharmaceutical applications include drug formulation, granulation, and encapsulation studies. Precision twin and multi-screw extruders enhance uniformity and bioavailability, improving clinical trial consistency by 20–30%.
  • Chemicals: This segment holds nearly 12% market share, leveraging lab extruders for specialty chemical compounding and reactive extrusion. Process optimization using lab extruders reduces material wastage by up to 15%, supporting cost-effective R&D.
  • Cosmetics and Personal Care: Comprising approximately 10% of the market, cosmetic labs use extruders for creams, lotions, and lip products. Improved mixing and viscosity control increase formulation stability by 25%, enhancing product consistency for small-batch production.
  • Rubber and Elastomers: Representing around 10% of the market, rubber labs utilize extruders for testing compounds, additives, and vulcanization studies. Lab-scale extrusion ensures uniform dispersion and tensile strength improvements of 20–30%, accelerating product innovation.

Laboratory Extruder Market, By Application

The Laboratory Extruder Market by application is growing as industries increasingly adopt lab-scale extrusion for research, product development, and process optimization. High-precision control over temperature, shear, and material flow makes lab extruders essential for testing and prototyping across multiple sectors.

  • Compounding: Accounting for nearly 30% of the market, compounding applications benefit from twin and multi-screw extruders that ensure uniform mixing of polymers, additives, and fillers. This enhances material properties, reducing formulation errors by up to 25% during R&D processes.
  • Plastic Processing: Representing around 22% of demand, plastic processing includes extrusion of bioplastics, engineering polymers, and specialty plastics. Lab extruders allow precise control of melt temperature and shear, improving product consistency and reducing trial-and-error cycles by 30%.
  • Coating: This segment holds about 12% of market share, leveraging extrusion for uniform coatings in pharmaceuticals, films, and specialty materials. Controlled application of molten polymers improves surface adhesion and thickness uniformity by 20–25% in lab-scale trials.
  • Film and Sheet Production: Comprising nearly 15% of applications, lab extruders produce experimental sheets and films for food packaging, medical devices, and industrial uses. Enhanced precision in thickness and texture control reduces material wastage by 18% during development phases.
  • Pelletizing: Representing around 11% of the market, pelletizing applications focus on producing uniform granules for polymers and nutraceutical formulations. Lab extruders improve pellet size consistency by 20%, supporting downstream processing efficiency and scale-up accuracy.
  • Blending: Making up about 10% of the market, blending applications involve homogenous mixing of polymers, fillers, and additives. Lab extruders ensure uniform dispersion, enhancing material properties and reducing defects by nearly 25% during experimental trials.

Laboratory Extruder Market, By Material Type

The Laboratory Extruder Market by material type is growing with the increasing focus on polymer research, sustainable materials, and high-performance compounds. Lab extruders enable precise processing, testing, and formulation optimization across diverse material classes for R&D and small-scale production.

  • Thermoplastics: Dominating nearly 40% of the market, thermoplastics such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and ABS are widely processed in lab extruders. Enhanced control over melt flow and temperature improves material consistency by 30%, supporting rapid prototyping and formulation testing.
  • Thermosets: Representing about 20% of demand, thermoset materials like epoxy, phenolic, and polyurethane require careful processing to prevent premature curing. Lab-scale extruders optimize crosslinking reactions, reducing defect rates by nearly 25% in experimental formulations.
  • Elastomers: Accounting for roughly 18% of the market, elastomer extrusion involves natural rubber, synthetic rubbers, and silicone compounds. Lab extruders ensure uniform dispersion of fillers and additives, improving tensile strength and elasticity by 20–30% in R&D trials.
  • Bioplastics: Comprising around 22% of the market, bioplastics such as PLA, PHA, and starch-based polymers are increasingly processed for sustainable material research. Lab extruders provide precise thermal and shear control, enhancing product homogeneity and reducing degradation by up to 15%.

    Detailed TOC of

  1. Introduction of
    1. Market Definition
    2. Market Segmentation
    3. Research Timelines
    4. Assumptions
    5. Limitations
  2. *This section outlines the product definition, assumptions and limitations considered while forecasting the market.
  3. Research Methodology
    1. Data Mining
    2. Secondary Research
    3. Primary Research
    4. Subject Matter Expert Advice
    5. Quality Check
    6. Final Review
    7. Data Triangulation
    8. Bottom-Up Approach
    9. Top-Down Approach
    10. Research Flow
  4. *This section highlights the detailed research methodology adopted while estimating the overall market helping clients understand the overall approach for market sizing.
  5. Executive Summary
    1. Market Overview
    2. Ecology Mapping
    3. Primary Research
    4. Absolute Market Opportunity
    5. Market Attractiveness
    6. Geographical Analysis (CAGR %)
    7. by Product Type USD Million
    8. by End-Use Industry USD Million
    9. by Application USD Million
    10. by Material Type USD Million
    11. Future Market Opportunities
    12. Product Lifeline
    13. Key Insights from Industry Experts
    14. Data Sources
  6. *This section covers comprehensive summary of the global market giving some quick pointers for corporate presentations.
  7. Outlook
    1. Evolution
    2. Market Drivers
      1. Driver 1
      2. Driver 2
    3. Market Restraints
      1. Restraint 1
      2. Restraint 2
    4. Market Opportunities
      1. Opportunity 1
      2. Opportunity 2
    5. Market Trends
      1. Trend 1
      2. Trend 2
    6. Porter's Five Forces Analysis
    7. Value Chain Analysis
    8. Pricing Analysis
    9. Macroeconomic Analysis
    10. Regulatory Framework
  8. *This section highlights the growth factors market opportunities, white spaces, market dynamics Value Chain Analysis, Porter's Five Forces Analysis, Pricing Analysis and Macroeconomic Analysis
  9. by Product Type
    1. Overview
    2. Single Screw Extruders
    3. Twin Screw Extruders
    4. Multi-Screw Extruders
  10. by End-Use Industry
    1. Overview
    2. Plastics and Polymers
    3. Food Processing
    4. Pharmaceuticals
    5. Chemicals
    6. Cosmetics and Personal Care
    7. Rubber and Elastomers
  11. by Application
    1. Overview
    2. Compounding
    3. Plastic Processing
    4. Coating
    5. Film and Sheet Production
    6. Pelletizing
    7. Blending
  12. by Material Type
    1. Overview
    2. Thermoplastics
    3. Thermosets
    4. Elastomers
    5. Bioplastics
  13. by Geography
    1. Overview
    2. North America Market Estimates & Forecast 2021 - 2031 (USD Million)
      1. U.S.
      2. Canada
      3. Mexico
    3. Europe Market Estimates & Forecast 2021 - 2031 (USD Million)
      1. Germany
      2. United Kingdom
      3. France
      4. Italy
      5. Spain
      6. Rest of Europe
    4. Asia Pacific Market Estimates & Forecast 2021 - 2031 (USD Million)
      1. China
      2. India
      3. Japan
      4. Rest of Asia Pacific
    5. Latin America Market Estimates & Forecast 2021 - 2031 (USD Million)
      1. Brazil
      2. Argentina
      3. Rest of Latin America
    6. Middle East and Africa Market Estimates & Forecast 2021 - 2031 (USD Million)
      1. Saudi Arabia
      2. UAE
      3. South Africa
      4. Rest of MEA
  14. This section covers global market analysis by key regions considered further broken down into its key contributing countries.
  15. Competitive Landscape
    1. Overview
    2. Company Market Ranking
    3. Key Developments
    4. Company Regional Footprint
    5. Company Industry Footprint
    6. ACE Matrix
  16. This section covers market analysis of competitors based on revenue tiers, single point view of portfolio across industry segments and their relative market position.
  17. Company Profiles
    1. Introduction
    2. Coperion GmbH
      1. Company Overview
      2. Company Key Facts
      3. Business Breakdown
      4. Product Benchmarking
      5. Key Development
      6. Winning Imperatives*
      7. Current Focus & Strategies*
      8. Threat from Competitors*
      9. SWOT Analysis*
    3. Zamak Mercator
    4. USEON (Nanjing) Extrusion Machinery Co.Ltd.
    5. Nanjing Jieya Extrusion Equipment Co.Ltd.
    6. Nanjing Kerke Extrusion Equipment Co.Ltd.
    7. The Bonnot Company
    8. Nanjing Haisi Extrusion Equipment Co. Ltd
    9. SETREM
    10. Ankele Kunststoffmaschinenbau
    11. Maulbronn

  18. *This data will be provided for Top 3 market players*
    This section highlights the key competitors in the market, with a focus on presenting an in-depth analysis into their product offerings, profitability, footprint and a detailed strategy overview for top market participants.


  19. Verified Market Intelligence
    1. About Verified Market Intelligence
    2. Dynamic Data Visualization
      1. Country Vs Segment Analysis
      2. Market Overview by Geography
      3. Regional Level Overview


  20. Report FAQs
    1. How do I trust your report quality/data accuracy?
    2. My research requirement is very specific, can I customize this report?
    3. I have a pre-defined budget. Can I buy chapters/sections of this report?
    4. How do you arrive at these market numbers?
    5. Who are your clients?
    6. How will I receive this report?


  21. Report Disclaimer
  • Coperion GmbH
  • Zamak Mercator
  • USEON (Nanjing) Extrusion Machinery Co.Ltd.
  • Nanjing Jieya Extrusion Equipment Co.Ltd.
  • Nanjing Kerke Extrusion Equipment Co.Ltd.
  • The Bonnot Company
  • Nanjing Haisi Extrusion Equipment Co. Ltd
  • SETREM
  • Ankele Kunststoffmaschinenbau
  • Maulbronn


Frequently Asked Questions

  • A laboratory extruder is a specialized machine used in research and development to process materials such as polymers, plastics, and food products. It typically functions by forcing raw material through a heated barrel using a rotating screw.

  • Laboratory extruders are used in a wide range of industries for different applications. In the pharmaceutical industry, they are used for the formulation of drug delivery systems, while in the food industry, they help in the production of specialized food products.

  • Laboratory extruders improve product development by allowing manufacturers to test various material formulations on a smaller, more controlled scale before committing to full-scale production. This helps identify potential issues in the materials or processes early in the development phase.

  • The growth of the laboratory extruder market is primarily driven by increasing demand for innovative materials and the need for precise control in product development. Industries such as pharmaceuticals, food processing, and plastics are adopting laboratory extruders to improve the quality and efficiency of their manufacturing processes.

  • One key issue is the high initial investment required for advanced models, which can be a barrier for smaller research facilities. Additionally, the complexity of operating these machines requires skilled personnel, which may limit their accessibility in some regions.